Amchitka Island was the site of three underground nuclear tests: Long Shot (80 kilotons in 1965), Milrow (about 1000 kilotons in 1969), and Cannikin (about 5000 kilotons in 1971, the largest U.S. underground test). Amchitka, located in the Aleutians off the coast of Alaska, is one of 129 DOE sites requiring long-term stewardship, and is surely the most remote. Questions exist about whether radionuclides from these tests could be entering the sea, whether they pose a hazard, and how this should be monitored over time. The Amchitka Independent Assessment Science Plan (2003) included a complex set of geophysical and biological projects to provide the science necessary to assess whether there are currently any risks to humans and biota from radionuclides in the marine environment around Amchitka, and whether any radionuclides there could be attributable to the nuclear test shots of the 1965-1971 era. The data generated by the geophysical and biological expeditions during 2004 were used to examine the safety of the foods, to reduce the uncertainty in the groundwater and risk assessment models, and to provide information to develop future biomonitoring and long-term stewardship plans at Amchitka.